Wednesday, October 9, 2013

Ethico-Politics: The Refugee 'problem' and the Issue of teaching for cultural diversity. (Michael Howlett)

It is undeniable that Australia presents a vast cultural demographic amongst its populace. A multicultural nation that strives for acceptance of all cultures and ethnicities by developing policies within the interests of a global economy whilst promoting universal understanding between divergent cultures. However, with the recent rise in refugee’s seeking a new more secure way of life, we as a nation are beginning to debate our role in ethico-politics. That being, determining to what extent Australia should be held accountable to help those in need through political discourse based on ethical and humanitarian views and needs. Furthermore, the recent rise in refugee migration has placed educational institutions in a crisis state to be able to meet the educational needs of refugee’s whilst re-educating the youth of the nation about the nature of refugee’s as “public culture has been distorted by rhetoric that dehumanises those for whom we should be showing hospitality” (Hattam & Every, 2010). Subsequently, “the experience that refugee students have in schools is very much determined by the way that refugees are thought about and represented in the public culture” (Hattam & Every, 2010) and therefore often become victims of xenophobia, racism, alienation and bullying as the Australian media often portray them as detrimental or ‘disadvantageous’ to the Australian way of life.

Chief executive of World Vision Australia Tim Costello argues that the overriding refugee problem is caused by Australia’s “distorted” view of the world. He contests that our “luck of geographical location” (2013) leaves us unable to fully recognise the extent to which others in conflict zones such as Syria struggle on a day to day basis. He evokes that “global conflict only becomes our concern when boats start landing on our shores and yet all too often we turn a blind eye to the root of the problem, that being, the reason they have come here” (2013). It is these problems such as war and famine which form a facet of the negative representation of refugees. We as a nation fear the possibility of refugee’s to take their problems to our shores with them. Yet Costello advocates that “we must confront our place in this complex global problem with fresh eyes…fresh eyes meaning looking beyond our shores and experiencing the situation in other countries” (2013).

In order to counteract the negative portrayal of Refugees within Australia and properly assume our role in the field of ethico-politics, a majority of educational institutions employ political strategies in order to provide a solution to “the fragmentation in classrooms and the wider Australian polity” (Hattam & Every, 2010) and ensure political stability in the future. Some strategies include; fun days, information days and multicultural days. Yet it is still not enough. The message is being spread but without sufficient information and purpose. Hattam and Every argue for the implementation of teacher training days in which they gain “a fuller understanding of the global dynamics propelling refugees and asylum seekers…an understanding of their complex life situations” (2010). This should be actively addressed within the curriculum along with “a repertoire of pedagogical approaches to dealing with differences at a classroom level” (Hattam & Every, 2010). In doing so, teachers are able to educate the youth of the nation on why these people have come to our shores whilst being able to effectively engage them in classroom activity and discussion without the detriment of segregation amongst the students.

Whilst confronting this issue within educational institutions is essential in order to ensure future political stability, further political work must be done to ensure the issue is met in contemporaneous society. For instance, Michel Foucault’s notion of ‘fearless speech’ (2002) works upon Costello’s demand for ‘fresh eyes’ by confronting governments on human rights issues and other aspects of ethico-politics. He proposes two essential principles to guide the process including “recognising that there exists an international citizenship amongst humanity….and to affirm the right of citizens to act and to reject the assumption that only the government has the prerogative to take action”. Both approaches will ultimately lead to a more compassionate, humanitarian Australia which recognises the crisis’s that exist within people’s lives and address their need of a more secure, stable and sustainable way of life which Australia is undeniably able to provide. Furthermore, by accepting ‘our’ home as their home, student refugees will be able to experience a more equitable educational experience.

Ultimately, the refugee problem also highlights aspects of identity politics and more specifically, the notion of essentialism. Young students (and troublingly some adults) are unable to recognise Australia as the home of refugees. They are fixated on their country of origin as their only identity which cannot and should not be assimilated within Australian culture. In order for Australia to truly adopt the multiculturalist identity that it presents itself as and fully adopt its fundamental role in ethico-politics, Foucault’s process of fearless speech and Costello’s ‘fresh eyes’ must be implemented and the Australian populace must embrace the notion of an ‘international citizenship’ (2002) and show hospitality to those who have suffered in their home land. Up to this point, it seems Australia’s refugee program works off the premise that it’s something we ‘have’ to do when it should be something we want to do.

References:
1.      Costello, T. (2013, July 19). ‘Australia’s view on global refugee problem is distorted’.

2.      Foucault, M. (2002). ‘Confronting Governments: Human Rights’. Power: Essential
Works of Foucault, 474-475.
3.      Hattam, R., & Every, D. (2010). ‘Teaching in fractured classrooms: refugee education,
Public culture, community and ethics’. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 13(4), 409-424.


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